Reasons for having White Spots on your Teeth?

Teeth develop white spots for several reasons, some more serious than others. A lot of times we wonder if they’re a cosmetic issue that will go away, or if they’re indicators of a bigger health issue. A lot of times white spots are a loss of mineral content in the enamel. This loss of mineral content is the result of a buildup of acidity in the plaque on our teeth.

 Acidity comes from the foods and drinks we consume but is also a byproduct of the bacteria in our mouth, which creates more acid when we consume carbohydrates. Another common cause of a white spot is trauma to the tooth during development.

Besides being a cosmetic concern for many people, these white spots can actually result in the deterioration of teeth. In fact, the first evidence of tooth decay is a white spot lesion, meaning that the tooth’s enamel has been compromised, leaving an opaque, chalky white spot. 

What is a White Spot Lesion?

Essentially, a white spot lesion is the area where the tooth began to decay, and it is the first sign of a cavity. For individuals with braces, these are very common and are the reason that oral hygiene is so important when wearing braces. Being sure to brush and floss around the brackets and under the wire is the first defense in ensuring that you don’t have white spot lesions form on your teeth.

 A proper  diet is also important in the prevention of white spot formation. Avoiding drinks that contain sugar or are high in acidity, as well as decreasing the frequency of carbohydrate intake is important to safeguard the integrity of your tooth’s enamel.

Braces aren’t the cause of white spot lesions and if you maintain proper care of your teeth, and monitor diet choices, you shouldn’t have to worry about their development. Plaque builds up in hard to reach places due to the shape and placement of your braces, which make it more difficult to brush your teeth properly. If you do not practice proper hygiene, when braces are removed you may have white spots around where your braces were placed and face tooth decay and staining. 

If your braces come off and you have white spot lesions, work with your dentist to determine the best course of action for preventing additional decay and cavities. 

Can My Dentist Remove White Spots?

White spot lesions are a permanent change in the structure of your tooth and thus are not removable. Your dentist’s ability to reduce the appearance of white spots depends on several factors, such as:

Size of the white spots

Cause of the spots

Deterioration of the enamel 

Overall quantity of spots on teeth

When you see signs of white spots, it is important to visit your dentist as quickly as you are able in order to prevent additional problems, like cavities, from occurring further down the line. If your situation is one that is easily corrected, one of the easiest treatments is micro-abrasion. 

In the case that your white spots are the result of something more serious or you have a high quantity of white spots, your dentist may recommend capping the teeth, using a white filling or applying a veneer. 

If you are experiencing white spots or would like tips on preventing white spot lesions while wearing braces, all dental community  is happy to assist you in finding the right solution.

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Reciprocity of Fluoride With Kidney And Liver in Adolescent

There is one study surfaced in today's dentistry by Mount Sanai researchers in environment international which gave information about the relation of fluoride in tap water and blood with kidney and liver in an adolescent.

As we all aware that the fluoridation source in India is fluoridated water. Fluoride exposure in animals and adults has been associated with kidney and liver toxicity, this study examined the potential effects of chronic low –level exposure among youths.

Findings of this study show the exposure to fluoride may contribute to complex changes in kidney and liver function among youth. Findings also suggest that adolescent with poorer kidney or liver function may absorb more fluoride in their bodies.

A Child’s body excretes only 45% of fluoride in urine via the kidney, while an adult’s body clear it at a rate of 60% and the kidney accumulates more fluoride than any other organ in the body. As we all already aware or heard the beneficial effect of fluoride on the appropriateness of its widespread addition to drinking water or salt.

The study analysed fluoride measures in blood samples of an adolescent. Although the tap water fluoride concentration was generally low, there are several mechanisms by which even low levels of exposure may contribute to kidney or liver dysfunction.

Study shows a dose-dependent relationship between fluoride and indicators of kidney and liver function. This study also suggested that if the findings would be same with other studies on different population then it would be important to consider children’s kidney and liver function in drafting public health guidance and recommendation of fluoride.

Potential health side effects include renal system damage, liver damage, thyroid dysfunction, bone and tooth disease and impaired protein metabolism.

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PROTAPER

Protaper means progressive taper to improve flexibility and cutting efficiency. The change percentage of taper over the length of cutting blades adds to its unique feature. Variable tip diameters of protaper file allow it to have specific cutting action in defines arear of the canal without stressing instrument in other sections. The helical change angle over its cutting blades reduces the instrument from screeing into the canal and allows better removal of debris. It works on the principle of active motion which increases its efficiency and reduces torsional strain. Length of protaper reduced from 15 to 12.5mm for better access in the posterior region.

Niti protaper has 55% nickel and 45% titanium which has an advantage on shape memory, superelasticity, low modules of elasticity, corrosion-resistant, softer, good resiliency and biocompatibility. The protaper system consists of just three shaping and five finishing files.

Sx-orange coloured handle and use for the shaping of the orifice.

S1-purple coloured ring and used to prepare coronal part of the root.

S2-white coloured ring and used to prepare middle 1/3rd of the canal.

F1-yellow coloured ring and used to prepare apical third of the canal.

F2-red coloured ring and prepare apical third of the canal.

F3-blue coloured ring on the handle and used to prepare apical third of the canal.

F4-black coloured ring on the handle and used to prepare the apical 1/3rd of the canal.

F5-double yellow coloured ring and use to prepare apical 1/3rd of a canal.

There is retreatment protaper file also in protaper system which is a new edition in the treatment.

D1-11mm handle 16mm cutting surface,9% taper and for coronal filling removal.

D2-11mm handle,18mm cutting blades,8% taper and for middle filling removal.

D3-11mm Handle,22mm Cutting Blade,7%Taper and for apical filling removal.

Protaper gold is those with increased flexibility, greater resistance to cyclic fatigue and shorter handle of 11mm.Rotary protaper Niti files simplify root canal preparation, particularly in curved and restricted canals and their recommended speed is 15-350rpm.

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DENTAL POST

The post is used to support the crown and make a tooth larger and helps to regain anatomy and function to a tooth that was destroyed or weakened. It protects what remains of the tooth for possible fractures, retention and distribution of occlusal forces.there are two types of post material used in dentistry i.e metal or non-metal.

The metallic post comes in Pre-fabricated and post-fabricated forms. The prefabricated are stainless steel or titanium. They are easier, faster, cheaper, and less abusive to the tooth. The post fabricated can be made up of gold type iii or iv. They have high tensile strength, compression and deformation which means they have a high modulus of elasticity and cannot be screwed.

The non-metallic post is made up of zirconium,resin-reinforced with glass fibre reinforced resin and carbon fibre.The zirconia post has an extremely high modulus of elasticity. The fibreglass and carbon have a modulus of elasticity similar to dentin and they have least likely to cause root fractures. They are way cheaper, faster, easier, requires less wear layer than zirconium.

There are various characteristics of dental post for including size, length and forms. The size of the post should not exceed one-third of the root diameter. Conversely, increasing the removal of the dental structure to accommodate a wide pole can lead to perforation nor predispose root fracture. The length of a post must be equal to or greater than the length of the crown. It is recommended between half and three fourth parts of the tooth root.There are smooth,striated,conical,parallel,assets,hybrid,rigid,flexible,liabilities post forms available in the dental market.Adhesive and non-adhesive cement is used to cement this post.

Merits of using post are they reduce the risk of root fracture and carbon post allows the stumps in the single session. Demerits are that metal post are very rigid and stress transfer to the tooth root, expensive because of its chemical components and metal post are transparent showing an opacity in the central part of the tooth and gums.

Dentalaaka.com is an online dental store with a huge variety of dental products, materials, instruments and equipment. Not only this it also has separate sections for dental education related products and a whole new dental decor segment which will give an insight to more cheerful interior accessories for the dentists.

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Root Canal Sealers

Root canal sealers are day to day used material used in dentistry. They are used in conjunction with biologically acceptable semi-solid or solid obturating material to establish an adequate seal of the root canal system. It is used along with gutta-percha for obturation of root canal. Some root canal sealer can be complete sealers where no gutta percha is necessary. It function is to obturate lateral canals, serves s a filler for canal irregularities and minor discrepancies between the root canal wall and core filling material, act as a lubricant, can assist in microbial control and for radiopacity.sealer should provide an excellent seal when setting,produce adequate adhesion between itself,non-staining,dimensionally stable,easily removed,non-irritating and insoluble in tissue fluids.There are many dealers are dental market which is highly used by dentist and currently employed sealers are-

Most widely used sealer is Grossman's sealer because it has good sealing potential because of small volumetric change on setting.Glass ionomer sealer are not used nowadays because of difficulty to remove from a root canal. Ah, plus doesn’t release formaldehyde during setting and hence safer than other resin-based sealers.The component zinc oxide eugenol can be placed in the root canal cavity temporarily to reduce inflammation and sensitivity. Application of endodontic sealers can be via syringe, hand mix and premeasured capsules.

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ORTHODONTIC BRACKETS

In this new era most of the people aware that lower third of the face especially the teeth are vital for social communication and acceptance. Due to this, orthodontics comes into play. It aims to align teeth to achieve optimum aesthetics and function. The treatment used to correct a malocclusion, a condition caused by crowded, crooked or protruding teeth where jaws do not meet properly. It can be inherited or acquired by thumb sucking, premature loss of teeth or an accident. Now the treatment is more comfortable and takes less time than it did years ago.

Brackets are the most important element or in simple words, it is the tool that holds the wire. Brackets are made up of metal, plastic, ceramic or combination of these.They are classified according to the Size(large/mini/ultra 

mini),Base(straight/curved),Width(narrow/medium/wide),and may be single or thin according to the technique used.Brackets materials must be hygienic, non-toxic, resistant to corrosion, esthetics, not absorb water, not discoloured by an oral liquid, minimal bracket wire friction.

Some are visible or noticeable and some are non-visible or not noticeable. Some shaped like hearts and football. There are now gold plated braces and glow in the dark retainers in the dental market. There are two types of brackets treatment which is fixed or removable depending upon the needs and how well he or she will follow instructions regarding oral care and hygiene. There are various types of brackets like bonable/weldable, lingual. edgewise, clear etc.in the dental market and used according to the treatment plan by the dentist.

Patients often exhibit gingival hypertrophy, bleeding, increased plaque accumulation and calculus formation during orthodontic treatment. It is also difficult to remove microbial growth or clean orthodontic appliance fixed at the critical site leading to enamel decalcification and white spot lesion formation around the orthodontic appliance.

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A CHILD FIRST VISIT TO THE DENTIST

There are many questions in parents regarding when, where, for how long and for what reasons we have to visit the dentist for their child first oral scanning.thay have an anxiety-like what dentist do on my 1-year-old child? what at age 1? My baby just having his/her teeth recently.

The American Academy of paediatrics, American Academy of pediatric dentistry(AAPD) and the American dental association recommend a child’s first visit takes place at the eruption of the first tooth or by the child’s first behaviour.

Fist dental visit of a child is usually very short with minimal or no treatment. The purpose of the visit to build up comfort, trust and confidence level in visiting the dentist. Some dentist may ask the parents to set on the dental chair and hold their child during an oral examination to make the environment non-threatening and friendly. Some dentist may ask the parents to wait in the reception to make a relationship between your child and your dentist.

A child first includes an oral examination of existing teeth, gums, jaws, oral tissues and bite examination. The first visit is always informative to the parents regarding the maintenance of oral hygiene in a child. It includes good oral hygiene practices for your child’s teeth, gums, cavity prevention, oral habits like thumb sucking/lip sucking, fluoride needs, teething, proper nutrition, developmental disturbance of teeth or tongue and follow-ups. Many dentists recommend every 6 months checkup to build a repo and to monitor the development of the teeth and treat any developing problems before it gets progressed.

There is a specialised branch in dentistry for children i.e pediatric dentist. They have all the training on management and treatment of a child developing teeth, child behaviour,physical growth, development and special care needs. All pediatric dentists and many general practitioners also maintenance and décor which are children friendly and pleasing to them. They have a special dental chair, child instruments, types of equipment and toys which are specially designed for children.

Reference is taken from WebMD and Colgate article on a child’s first visit to the dentist.

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ETCHANT

It is an acid or corrosive chemical used to prepare enamel for the attachment of a bonded restoration by removing the outermost layer of the tooth surface and expose a rough, porous layer that provides greater surface area for the bonding process.

Dr.Michael G.Buonocor studied enamel etchant acid technique which provides a strong junction between resin and enamel. It is also called orthophosphoric acid which is transparent, colourless and viscous. It is used in procedures like a resin-bonded metal retainer, porcelain laminates veneer and holding orthodontics brackets. It also helps infiltration and marginal pigmentation. phosphoric acid concentration between 30-37% acts as a demineralizing to the enamel creating micropores from 20-30 microns in depth which allows greater adhesion of restoration material. Etching time will be 30 seconds i.e 15 for enamel and 15 for dentin.

Other system in etching is hydrofluoric acid which is an acid that attacks and creates channels on glass and ceramic but it is highly toxic in nature. It works on the principle of mechanical retention similar to phosphoric acid on dental tissues then add silane which penetrates these channels and bonds chemically to the glass, the resin is on the silane as a part of resinous elements are used to apply restoration on the dental tissue. The silane chemically bonded to the resin. The main advantages of using are demineralization and filtration,they are not as sensitive to different moisture condition of dentin, hygienic application, consistent and stable composition, blue dye for application for facilitation. The main disadvantages are expensive,irreversible mistake, if not handled the right time excessive demineralization occurs.

Dentalaaka.com is an online dental store with a huge variety of dental products, materials, instruments and equipment. Not only this it also has separate sections for dental education related products and a whole new dental decor segment which will give an insight to more cheerful interior accessories for the dentists.

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DENTAL SCALING EQUIPMENTS - DENTALAAKA

Dentalscaling is as important as your daily brushing or flossing.there are some food particles which cannot be remove4d by regular brushing or flossing. In this scenario, dental scalers come to rescue and play its role to, maintain proper hygiene of the patient. It is only done by dental professions through their latest equipped tools.

Scaling is the procedure where dental calculus is removed from supra and subgingival surfaces of the tooth. It can be performed using a mechanical or hand instruments by dental professionals. The procedure of hand scaling is more precise and allows better tactile sensation whereas mechanical scaling instruments require less time to remove the deposit and result in less operator fatigue.

Hand scaling is used to remove large, bulky supra gingival deposit on the surface of the teeth. Hand instruments have a handle, shank and a working end or tip. Frequent sharpening is required to maintain its efficacy and sharp edges.The handle can be varied according to their shapes, and style to reduce strain and hand fatigue. Working end can be angled,curved or straight and made up of stainless steel or carbide steel. Hand scalers come in different varieties like hand scaler, curette,sickle scaler,hoe, chisel and files.Hand scalers have a sharp cutting edge and curette comes with a rounded toe. Hoe is most useful in removing a large amount of calculus.

Powered or mechanical scalers removes calculus easily, more efficiently in less amount of time. There are three types of mechanical scalers 

1.sonic scalers 

2.ultrasonicscalers 

3.rotary scalers.

Sonic scalers are compressed air driven and require a compressed air driven dental unit. They are less effective than ultrasonic scalers but they generate less heat and decreases the chances of iatrogenic damages to the tooth. They are mostly used supra gingivally and tips of the scalars oscillated at a sonic frequency.

Ultrasonic scalers are the most commonly used equipment in a dental clinic nowadays. They are electric driven and tips oscillated at the ultrasonic frequencies like 20KHZ,30KHZ or more. The vibration of the tips generated by either magnetostrictive or piezoelectric mechanisms of the handpiece. Ultrasonic oscillation of the tips causes cavitation of the water coolant which releases energy and helps to disrupt calculus on the surface of the tooth. Ultrasonic scalers are generally designed for supragingival use but the tips are designed for subgingival calculus also.

Rotary scalers are very uncommon in day to day practice as they have more chances of iatrogenic damage is high. Non-cutting burs are used in a high speed, air driven handpiece.when the bur is applied to the calculus, the calculus disintegrates and flushed away by the water spray. They have been shown to cause extensive enamel damage and when used in humans, resulted in postoperative pain.

Dentalaaka.com is an online dental store with a huge variety of dental products, materials, instruments and equipment. Not only this it also has separate sections for dental education related products and a whole new dental decor segment which will give an insight to more cheerful interior accessories for the dentists.

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ELECTRIC TOOTHBRUSHES

According to the researchers at the University of Greifswald in Germany that electric toothbrushe help to prevent tooth loss as compared to manual brushing. Study shows that electric toothbrushes are most beneficial in maintaining good oral hygiene and linked with slower progression of periodontal diseases. This 11-year-old study is based on examination, observation and follows up. The observational study investigates the relation and association between electric toothbrushing and periodontitis, caries and number of teeth present.

Users of electric toothbrush experienced 20% less tooth loss during follow up than manual. Participants of this study group according to the severity of their periodontitis, the association between electric toothbrushing and tooth retention was significant only in those with no or mild periodontitis and not in those with moderate or severe periodontitis. Further observation showed and relate electric toothbrushing with fewer pockets and better attachment of teeth to the gums and bone. Electric brushing was much more effective as a preventive tool rather than when periodontitis has already progressed.

Electric toothbrush seems to be in plaque control in older people who have reduced fine motor skills.No association was found between electric toothbrush usage and dental caries. Fluoride plays a major role in the prevention and progression of dental caries.

Reference is taken from the article electric toothbrushes help prevent tooth loss, reported on 23 May 2019 in dentistry today

Dentalaaka.com is an online dental store with a huge variety of dental products, materials, instruments and equipment. Not only this it also has separate sections for dental education related products and a whole new dental decor segment which will give an insight to more cheerful interior accessories for the dentists.

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