ETCHANT

It is an acid or corrosive chemical used to prepare enamel for the attachment of a bonded restoration by removing the outermost layer of the tooth surface and expose a rough, porous layer that provides greater surface area for the bonding process.

Dr.Michael G.Buonocor studied enamel etchant acid technique which provides a strong junction between resin and enamel. It is also called orthophosphoric acid which is transparent, colourless and viscous. It is used in procedures like a resin-bonded metal retainer, porcelain laminates veneer and holding orthodontics brackets. It also helps infiltration and marginal pigmentation. phosphoric acid concentration between 30-37% acts as a demineralizing to the enamel creating micropores from 20-30 microns in depth which allows greater adhesion of restoration material. Etching time will be 30 seconds i.e 15 for enamel and 15 for dentin.

Other system in etching is hydrofluoric acid which is an acid that attacks and creates channels on glass and ceramic but it is highly toxic in nature. It works on the principle of mechanical retention similar to phosphoric acid on dental tissues then add silane which penetrates these channels and bonds chemically to the glass, the resin is on the silane as a part of resinous elements are used to apply restoration on the dental tissue. The silane chemically bonded to the resin. The main advantages of using are demineralization and filtration,they are not as sensitive to different moisture condition of dentin, hygienic application, consistent and stable composition, blue dye for application for facilitation. The main disadvantages are expensive,irreversible mistake, if not handled the right time excessive demineralization occurs.

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